Mar 25, 2025
On the hunt for the perfect e-bike? With so many styles and features, finding the right one can feel overwhelming. This guide breaks down the key types and classes, making it easier to find the perfect match for your lifestyle.
In the US, electric bikes are classified into 3 categories based on speed and motor assistance.
Remember that US states have different regulations on e-bike classes and where they’re allowed. So be sure to check yours!
In the EU, e-bikes are classified differently from the US but still based on their motor power and maximum speed. Light-powered vehicles fall under the L1e category, which has 2 sub-categories:
Here’s their simplified overview:
The L1e-A category stands for electric bicycles with a maximum speed of 25 km/h (15 mph) and a motor output of more than 250 W. All electric bikes described in this article generally fall under the L1e-A category in the EU.
L1e-B is for 2-wheel mopeds with a maximum speed of more than 25 km/h (15 mph) and up to 45 km/h and a maximum continuous rated power of between 1000 W and 4000 W.
While they offer faster commute options, riders must comply with specific regulations, such as wearing a helmet, having insurance, and, in some countries, obtaining a moped driving licence.
Now we’ve covered classes and categories, let’s explore some of the most popular e-bike styles you can choose from.
Though e-bikes come in different styles, they all share key features — a motor and a battery, which we’ll explore next.
Mid-drive motors are located near the bottom bracket by the pedals. They’re lighter and have a better centre of gravity, but might be more expensive than hub motors. This bike rides more like a normal bike because the motor is directly engaged with both wheels through the transmission.
Hub motors are located directly in the wheel and transmit energy to it. As bikes have 2 wheels, the hub motor can be located either in the front (front-wheel drive) or the back wheel (rear-wheel drive).
There are several differences in motor placement between front-wheel and rear-wheel drive, but the key distinction is in how the motor affects the ride. With a front hub motor, the bike feels like it’s being pulled, while with a rear hub motor, it feels like it’s being pushed.
Now, to the battery.
You might come across different types of e-bike batteries. However, modern e-bikes typically use lightweight and efficient lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. When selecting your battery capacity (Wh), consider the following:
As a general rule, test different types of e-bikes before buying to find the best fit. Also, ensure that local servicing is available for the model you choose.
In the EU, if you’re buying or importing an L-category vehicle, check that it has a vehicle identification number (VIN). The VIN should be displayed on the vehicle’s frame and statutory plate, which must also include specific mandatory details.
Buying from a bike shop is usually a safe choice. However, we advise you to check whether the vehicle information the importer gives matches the information on the manufacturer’s website. Only the manufacturer can define the intended use of a vehicle.
| 💰Saving tip! Many European countries offer incentives for e-bike purchases. Check what’s available in your country. |
Switching from a conventional bicycle to an e-bike might seem daunting at first, but most riders find the transition smooth and quick. Usually, a single trial run is all it takes for riders to become comfortable with the new dynamics of pedal-assisted cycling.
Pedalling an e-bike without motor assistance is similar to pedalling a regular bike, although e-bikes are typically heavier. However, most e-bikes have multiple levels of pedal assist to make riding easier when needed.
Yes, most e-bikes are engineered to handle light to moderate rainfall. Yet, it’s wise to avoid riding during intense storms or submerging the bike in water, as this could compromise the electronics.
In most places, you don’t need a special licence to ride a regular e-bike. However, for speed pedelecs or higher-powered e-bikes, you may need a licence, insurance, and a helmet, depending on local regulations.
Charging times can vary, but it generally takes 3 to 6 hours to fully charge an e-bike battery. Some fast-charging systems can reduce this time significantly.
The range of an e-bike can vary significantly depending on the battery capacity, the level of pedal assist used, the terrain, and the weight of the rider and cargo.
Modifying your e-bike to increase its speed may be illegal and can void the warranty. It’s important to adhere to the manufacturer’s specifications and local regulations when considering any modifications to your e-bike. Always consult with a professional and check the laws in your area before making any changes to your e-bike’s performance.
Learning to navigate a cargo bike typically comes naturally to most. However, the speed at which you become adept may depend on factors such as your prior cycling experience, the type and weight of the load you’re carrying, and the specific model of cargo bike you’re operating.
Yes. Some models, equipped with appropriate accessories, are capable of transporting adult passengers.
